Identifikasi Drug Related Problems pada Terapi Pasien Kanker Paru di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Kanker paru adalah penyebab kematian paling umum dari kanker di seluruh dunia. Sebagian besar kanker paru disebabkan oleh rokok. Kebanyakan pasien kanker paru berada pada stadium lanjut dan telah menyebar luas ketika pertama kali ditemukan pada pasien. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien kanker paru, diperlukan polifarmasi. Polifarmasi sering menimbulkan masalah termasuk kejadian Drug Related Problems (DRPs). Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian DRPs dalam pengobatan pasien kanker paru di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif retrospektif cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan rekam medis pasien kanker paru di RSUP H. Adam Malik periode September-Desember 2017 (n = 40). Karakteristik pasien diakses dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Kejadian DRPs dianalisis berdasarkan klasifikasi Cipolle dan referensi yang dapat dipercaya. Hasil: Hasil penelitian diperoleh laki-laki 29 (72,5%) dan perempuan 11 (27,2%), dengan usia rata-rata pasien adalah 56,2 ± 11,34 tahun. Subjek penelitian didominasi oleh pasien kanker paru dengan stadium IV (stadium lanjut). Terdapat 27 pasien (67,5%) mengalami DRPs dengan rata-rata mengalami 2 kasus per pasien. Keseluruhan kejadian DRPs yang terjadi adalah sebanyak 64 kasus, jenis DRPs yang paling banyak terjadi adalah DRPs perlu tambahan obat 29 kasus (45,31%), selanjutnya adverse drug reaction 28 kasus (43,75%), obat tidak efektif 6 kasus (9,38%), dan obat tanpa indikasi 1 kasus (1,56%). Kesimpulan: Kejadian DRPs dalam terapi kanker paru masih tinggi. Tenaga kesehatan harus berupaya meminimalisir DRPs untuk meningkatkan outcome terapi.

Background: Lung cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. The vast majority of lung cancer are attributable to cigarette smoking. In most cases, patients with lung cancer are at an advanced stage and has spread when it was first discovered. To improve the quality of life of patients with lung cancer, polypharmacy is required. Polypharmacy was most often associated with the occurence of Drug Related Problems (DRPs). Objective: This research aimed to identify the incidence of DRPs in management of patients with lung cancer. Method: This research used a descriptive retrospective cross sectional method. This research was conducted using medical records of patients with lung cancer in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan period September-December 2017 (n = 40). The characteristics of the patients were accesed and descriptively analyzed. The incidence of DRPs were analyzed based on the Cipolle classification and reliable references. Result: The results showed, there were male 29 (72.5%) and female 11 (27.5%), with mean age 56.2 ± 11.34 years. Subjects of this research were dominated by patients with lung cancer at stage IV (advanced stage). There were 27 patients (67.5%) experienced DRPs with an average of DRPs were 2 cases per patient. The overall incidence of DRPs was 65 cases, the most common DRPs occurred were needs additional drug theraphy 29 cases (45.31%), followed by adverse drug reactions 28 cases (43.75%), ineffective drug 6 cases (9.38%), and drug without indication 1 case (1.56%). Conclusion: Incidence of DRPs in management of lung cancer is still high. Health care practitioner should seek to minimize incidence of DRPs to improve the therapeutic outcome.