Identifikasi Morfologis, Potensi Hasil dan Kandungan Kimia Jenis-Jenis Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) di Kabupaten Asahan

Abstract

ALDA RIZKY : Identification of Morphologies, Yield Potential and Chemical Composition of Various of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) at Kabupaten Asahan supervised by Emmy Harso Kardhinata and Diana Sofiah Hanafiah. The purpose of this research is to know the character of morphologies, yield potential and chemical composition of cassava at Kabupaten Asahan, namely at Kecamatan Sei Dadap, Pulau Rakyat and Pulau Bandring, as a references to cassava plant development. This research used descriptive method which is to inventory and identify accessions or varieties of cassava. The observed parameters were apical leaf color, middle leaf shape, petiole color, leaf color, number of lobed leaves, lobed leaves length, lobed leaves width, lobe periphery, petiole length, leaf vein color, petiole orientation, stem cortex color, stem epidermal color, color of the outer stems, distance between leaf scars, growth habits of the stems, color of the final branches of mature plants, external color of storage roots, root pulp color, root cortex color, tuber length, tuber diameter, number of tubers per plant, tuber weight, examination of starch and glucose content. The result of this research showed that there were 8 genotypes of cassava at Kabupaten Asahan namely Hijau, Roti, Merah, Malaysia, Adira-1, Pulut, Adira-4 and Suwir. Adira-4 cassava had the highest potential while Adira-1 cassava had the highest starch content and Pulut had the highest glucose content.

ALDA RIZKY : Identifikasi Morfologis, Potensi Hasil dan Kandungan Kimia Jenis-Jenis Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) di Kabupaten Asahan dibimbing oleh Emmy Harso Kardhinata dan Diana Sofiah Hanafiah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakter morfologis, potensi hasil dan kandungan kimia tanaman ubi kayu di Kabupaten Asahan, yaitu di kecamatan Sei Dadap, Pulau Rakyat dan Pulau Bandring, guna sebagai acuan pengembangan tanaman ubikayu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif yaitu menginventarisasi dan mengidentifikasi aksesi atau varietas tanaman ubi kayu. Parameter yang diamati adalah warna daun apikal, bentuk daun tengah, warna tangkai daun, warna daun, jumlah lobus daun, panjang lobus daun, lebar lobus daun, pinggiran lobus, panjang tangkai daun, warna vena daun, orientasi tangkai daun, warna korteks batang, warna epidermis batang, warna bagian luar batang, jarak antara bekas luka daun, kebiasaan pertumbuhan batang, warna cabang akhir tanaman dewasa, warna eksternal akar penyimpanan, warna pulp akar, warna korteks akar, panjang umbi, diameter umbi, jumlah umbi per tanaman, bobot umbi, pengujian kadar pati dan kadar glukosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 8 genotipe ubi kayu di Kabupaten Asahan yaitu Hijau, Roti, Merah, Malaysia, Adira-1, Pulut, Adira-4 dan Suwir. Ubi kayu Adira-4 memiliki potensi hasil tertinggi sedangkan ubi kayu Adira-1 memiliki kadar pati tertinggi dan Pulut memiliki kadar glukosa tertinggi.