Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Malnutrisi pada Pasien Penyakit Parkinson di RSUP H. Adam Malik Dan RS Jejaring

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of motor control due to the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the brain and the formation of Lewy bodies. The exact cause of PD is still unknown, but factors such as free radicals, mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein degradation are believed to play a role. The global incidence of PD ranges from 4.5 to 21 cases per 100,000 per year, with prevalence increasing with age. Malnutrition is a common issue among PD patients due to decreased food intake and increased energy requirements. Objective: To identify the factors that influence malnutrition in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: This study uses an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design on patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease who were treated at the outpatient clinics of H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan and network hospitals. Statistical tests include chi-square, Fisher test, and Kruskal-Wallis depending on the tested variables. The variables tested include demographic characteristics, disease severity, treatment regimen, motor symptoms, and non-motor symptoms. This study involves 45 Parkinson's disease patients. Results: Statistical analysis showed no significant results between gender, therapy regimen, and symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity, hyposmia, and dysphagia on malnutrition with values of p = 0.157, p = 0.377, p = 0.173, p = 0.173, p = 0.264, and p = 0.154, respectively. However, the results of the statistical analysis showed significant results between age and malnutrition with a p-value of 0.003 and a substantial relationship between disease duration, severity, and symptoms such as postural instability and constipation on malnutrition with the same p-value of p <0.00. Discussion: There was an association between age, disease duration, severity, and symptoms such as postural instability and constipation in Parkinson's disease patients with malnutrition status. However, there was no association between gender, treatment regimen, and symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity, hyposmia, and dysphagia in Parkinson's disease patients with malnutrition status.