Pengaruh Serum Ekstrak Daun Mangga (Mangifera indica L. var. kelong) 5% terhadap Kadar Dickkopf-1 pada Alopesia Androgenetik Laki-Laki

Abstract

Background: Alopecia androgenetica (AGA), influenced by genetic and hormonal factors, necessitates the search for alternative therapies, given the potential side effects of conventional treatments like minoxidil and finasteride commonly used. Existing in vitro and animal studies indicate that mango leaf extract (Mangifera indica L.) contains compounds that inhibit the 5-alpha-reductase enzyme, reduce dihydrotestosterone levels, and suppress Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), a protein known to inhibit hair growth. This extract is considered a safer and more effective therapeutic option for managing AGA in humans. Objective: To analyze the effect of 5% mango leaf extract serum (Mangifera indica L. var. kelong) on DKK-1 levels in male AGA. Subjects and Methods: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, this preexperimental clinical trial employed a pretest-posttest design involving 35 male subjects aged ≥18 years with AGA. Baseline data recording, hair shaft count via dermoscopic evaluation, and measurement of DKK-1 levels were conducted before and after administering 5% mango leaf extract serum (Mangifera indica L. var. kelong) for 9 weeks. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test, with significance defined as p<0.05. Results: Most AGA subjects were found in the age range of 26–35 years. Most subjects had a diploma or bachelor's degree, worked in the service and sales sectors, had a paternal history of AGA, and had been suffering from AGA for more than 10 years. The most common severity of AGA in men was Hamilton-Norwood stage III (57.1%). The study results showed that the use of 5% mango leaf extract serum (Mangifera indica L. var. kelong) significantly increased hair shaft count in men with AGA based on dermoscopic evaluation and significantly reduced DKK-1 levels in men with AGA (p<0.001). Using the serum for 9 weeks did not cause any side effects in all subjects. Conclusion: The 5% mango leaf extract serum (Mangifera indica L. var. kelong) effectively reduced DKK-1 levels in men with AGA.