Hubungan Antara Tingkat Keparahan Demensia dengan Risiko Jatuh pada Pasien Demensia

Abstract

Background: The risk of injury from falls is increased in elderly with dementia. Falls are a complex and multifactorial problem that results in mortality and morbidity in elderly with dementia. The assessment of fall risk has developed, but study related to the association between dementia severity and fall risk is still limited, especially in Indonesia. Objective: To determine the association of dementia severity and fall risk in patients with dementia. Methods: It was a crossectional study on dementia patients at the Neurology Polyclinic of the Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis USU Hospital Medan from April to July 2024. We assessed the severity of dementia using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) and MoCA-INA. Fall risk was assessed by TUG (Timed Up and Go Test). Results: There were 30 subjects with the majority of subjects were male, aged 61-70 years with a mean age of 64.3 ± 7.8 years, college education level, not working, with Alzheimer's dementia type. The most severity was mild dementia (50%) and and mild fall risk (56.7%). The mean MoCA-INA score in this study was 11.47 ± 7.41 with the most cognitive domain impairments were delayed recall (100%), executive/visuospatial (90%), language (90%), abstraction (90%), attention (83.3%) and orientation (83.3%) and naming (66.7%). There was a significant association between the severity of dementia and the risk of falls in patients with dementia (p = 0.036). There is a significant relationship between cognitive function and the risk of falls in patients with dementia (p = 0.005). Conclusion: : Dementia severity and cognitive function are associated with the risk of falls in patients with dementia. Fall risk screening is important in the management and prevention of falls in patients with dementia.