Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pirdot (Saurauia vulcani Korth.) terhadap Kadar Glukosa, Ekspresi Gen TotA, Dpt, dan Perkembangan pada Drosophila melanogaster Model Hiperglikemia

Abstract

Hyperglycemia is a condition where blood sugar (glucose) levels exceed normal limits. Hyperglycemia is a global health problem that can be an early symptom of diabetes mellitus (DM). High blood glucose levels can impair immune function by altering cytokine production from macrophages, reducing lymphocyte proliferation, and decreasing intracellular bacterial activity of leukocytes that produce more inflammatory mediators by adipocytes and macrophages in fat tissue. The Turandot (TotA) gene is a humoral response expressed in response to stress signaling, particularly the JAK/STAT (Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) and immune pathways as homologs of NFkB (Nuclear Factor Kappa-light-chain-enhancer of Activated B Cells) and Mekk1. The IMD (Immune Deficiency) pathway immune system will be activated by the presence of receptors that recognize peptidoglycan owned by gram-negative bacteria and then will express Diptericin AMP (Dpt). Pirdot leaf (Saurauia vulcani korth.) has been studied to reduce inflammation and as an immunomodulator. To determine the effect of pirdot leaf extract on glucose levels, TotA, Dpt gene expression, and development in Drosophila melanogaster hyperglycemia model. The research method is true experimental with post-test only control group design, using Drosophila melanogaster W1118 experimental animals divided into 5 groups, namely Kn = Control group, Kp = Hyperglycemia group and not given pirdot leaf extract, K1 = Hyperglycemia group and given 0.01% pirdot leaf extract, K2 = Hyperglycemia group and given 0.1% pirdot leaf extract, K3 = Hyperglycemia group and given 1% pirdot leaf extract. Determination of TotA and Dpt gene expression using real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) method. The results of the examination of the activity of Dpt and TotA related immune genes were significantly increased in the group fed a high-sugar diet and the presence of an inflammatory response due to exposure to excess sugar. Administration of pirdot leaf extract was able to reduce inflammation and increase the immune system in TotA (P<0.0001) and Dpt (P<0.0029) gene expression. Thus, pirdot leaf ethanol extract at a concentration of 1% has the potential to improve the development of individuals fed a high sugar diet (P<0.0004 and P<0.0024) and can reduce glucose levels (P<0.0001) in the hyperglycemia model. Giving ethanol extract of pirdot leaves can reduce glucose levels, increase the immune system, and improve development in hyperglycemia models.