Formulasi dan Uji Efektivitas Anti-Aging Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Biji Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.)

Abstract

Background: Premature aging is the process of skin aging that occurs faster than it should and can be triggered by free radicals, with signs such as wrinkles, dryness and hyperpigmentation. Avocado seed extract (Persea americana Mill.) is known to contain flavonoid compounds, tannins, alkaloids and vitamins that have the potential as antioxidants to fight free radicals that cause premature aging. Gels are preparations with a high water content and generally do not contain oil, making them suitable for all skin types. Therefore, avocado seed extract is very interesting to be developed into a gel preparation that is effective as anti-aging. Methods: This research includes the stages of sample preparation, sample identification, making simplisia and extracts. Characterization and phytochemical screening of avocado seed simplisa and extracts were carried out. Antioxidant activity of avocado seed extract was tested using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. Formulated gel preparations with extract concentrations of 0.2% (F1), 0.4% (F2), 0.6% (F3) and without extract (F0). Evaluation of gel preparation included homogeneity, pH, spreadability, viscosity, stability at high temperature (40±2oC) and low temperature (4±2oC) for 12 weeks. Irritation test, anti-aging effectiveness test for 4 weeks by applying the preparation twice a day in the morning and night by measuring moisture, pores, blemishes and wrinkles on the volunteer's facial skin using a skin analyzer.. Results: The yield of avocado seed extract was 16.05%. Phytochemical screening of simplisia and avocado seed extracts showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, glycoside, saponin, tannin and triterpenoid compounds. The results of the avocado seed extract antioxidant test, namely the IC50 value of 43.56 μg/mL and included in the very strong category. The resulting gel preparation is homogeneous, with a pH of 6.00-6.24, a viscosity of 5853.77-6498.57 cPs and stable at 12 weeks of storage at high (40±2oC) and low (4±2oC) temperatures. The gel preparation with 0.6% avocado seed extract (F3) provides gave the highest anti-aging effect on the facial skin of volunteers after 4 weeks of treatment by increasing moisture 92.21% ± 6.64% from dry to normal condition, reducing pore size 57.63% ± 5.70% from large to small, reducing the number of blemishes 60% ± 7.16% from many to few and reducing wrinkles 64.96% ± 7.41% from wrinkled to no wrinkles. Conclusion: Avocado seed extract can be formulated as a gel preparation that meets the preparation evaluation requirements, is stable, does not cause irritation and has the best anti-aging effectiveness at a concentration of 0,6%.