Karakteristik Klinis dan Mikrobiologi pada Kejadian Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) di ICU RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2021-2023

Abstract

Background. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP), one of the most common nosocomial infections in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients who use mechanical ventilation, VAP has a high incidence rate in Indonesia. This study is to provide data on the clinical symptoms and microbiological characteristics of VAP patients in the ICU from 2021 to 2023. Objectives. To determine the clinical symptoms and microbiological characteristics of VAP and the antibiotic resistance patterns at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital in 2021- 2023. Methods. This research use descriptive retrospective design by collecting data from the medical records of ICU patients diagnosed with VAP. This research use total sampling method to obtain the amount of sample which is 111 patients. The data collect age, gender, clinicacl symptoms, medical history, causative microorganism, and antibiotic resistance patterns. Results. The reseaerch find that VAP patients is predominantly male (59.6%) and that the highest incidence is in the baby group (≤1 years) with 36.5%. The mosst frequently identified microorganism was Acinetobacter baumannii (17.3%), followed by Escherichia coli (15.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.5%). This research also conduct that microorganism causing VAP had high resistance rates to cefazolin (61.3%), ampisillin (60%), and ceftriaxone (42.5%). Conclusion. VAP cases in the ICU is most common among male patients and the baby group (≤1 years). Acinetobacter baumannii is the most frequently microorganism that causing VAP with cefazolin showing the highest antibiotic resistance rate.