Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Pasien Gagal Jantung terhadap Konsumsi Garam di Rumah Sakit Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Background: Heart failure is a rapidly growing public health issue because of increasing global life expectancy, with an estimated prevalence of 64 million people globally. Based on a previous study, maintaining the adequate levels of salt consumption among heart failure patients, 2-2.4 grams daily, is associated with reduction in mortality rate and quality of life improvement. Good knowledge related to dietary salt helps individuals in determining the appropriate way of processing and selecting food. The objective of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of salt consumption among heart failure patients in H Adam Malik General Hospital. Methods: We conduct a cross-sectional study in H Adam Malik General Hospital from August to October 2024. The sample size was estimated with a margin of error of 5% and decided to have a total 227 respondents. The questionnaire was adopted from The Victorian Survey-Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviors related to Dietary Salt Intake. Results: The study found that 45.8% (n=104) of respondents had moderate knowledge, 37.4% (n=86) had poor knowledge, and 16.3% (n=37) had good knowledge. Additionally, 84.6% (n=192) of respondents indicated a positive attitude, 14.1% had a neutral attitude, and 1.3% (n=3) had a negative attitude toward salt consumption. Conclusion: The majority of heart failure patients at Adam Malik Hospital Medan has moderate knowledge despite demostrating a highly positive attitude.