Pengaruh Variasi Massa Katalis Coal Fly Ash dalam Proses Perengkahan Katalitik Minyak Jelantah Menjadi Bahan Bakar Hidrokarbon

Abstract

Petroleum reserves in the world are dwindling due to a significant increase in population and fossil oil which has non-renewable properties so that the development of environmentally friendly alternative fuels is needed to replace petroleum (fossil oil). This study aims to determine the effect of coal fly ash catalyst mass variation in the process of catalytic cracking of used cooking oil into hydrocarbon fuels. Used cooking oil has a similar structure with hydrocarbons, namely there is a carboxyl group bound to fatty acids so that used cooking oil can be processed into hydrocarbon fuels to replace fossil fuels. The method used is catalytic cracking using a variety of coal fly ash catalysts at a cracking temperature of 250-350C. The coal fly ash catalyst analyzed by SEM-EDX showed the dominant CaO metal oxide content of 37.58%. The distillate from the catalytic cracking process in the form of hydrocarbon fuel was analyzed by FT-IR and showed the presence of absorption peaks at wave numbers 2922.2 cm-1 and 2855.1 cm -1 indicating C-H groups in alkanes and absorption in the wave number region 1714.6 cm-1 indicating the presence of C=O groups in ketone compounds and absorption peaks in the wave number region 909.9-909.1 cm-1 indicating C-H groups in alkenes. GC-MS analysis showed that hydrocarbon fuel I contained gasoline fraction of 10.13%, kerosene-diesel fraction of 58.81%, and oxygenated hydrocarbon fraction of 31.07%. Hydrocarbon fuel II contains gasoline fraction of 9.75%, kerosene-diesel of 56.5%, vaseline of 3.33% and oxygenated hydrocarbons of 30.4%. Hydrocarbon fuel III contains gasoline fraction of 15.89%, kerosene-diesel of 58.83%, vaseline of 1.04%, paraffin of 0.68% and oxygenated hydrocarbons of 23.56%. The quality level of hydrocarbon fuels from catalytic cracking results measured by cetane number analysis on hydrocarbon fuels I, II and III obtained 71.8; 72.5; and 55.4, respectively.