Analisis Pengaruh Pengeluaran Pemerintah Bidang Pendidikan, Perlindungan Sosial, Pelayanan Umum, Infrastruktur, Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Investasi,dan IPM terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Wilayah 3T (Tertinggal, Terdepan, dan Terluar) Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of government expenditures on education, social protection, public services, infrastructure, community empowerment, investment, and the Human Development Index (HDI) on economic growth in Indonesia’s 3T regions (Outer, Least Developed, and Foremost) before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This research employs a quantitative approach, with the population and sample consisting of 62 regions listed as 3T areas in Indonesia. The data analysis technique used is panel data regression analysis, utilizing EViews 10 software. The results of the study indicate that in Indonesia’s 3T regions, government spending in the education sector consistently has a positive impact on economic growth both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, expenditures in the social protection sector and HDI shifted from having a positive impact before the pandemic to a negative impact after the pandemic. Conversely, expenditures on public services, infrastructure, and investment, which previously had negative effects, turned positive after the pandemic. Overall, these government expenditures across all sectors simultaneously have a positive and significant influence on economic growth in the 3T regions both before and after the pandemic.