Analisis Pengaruh Pariwisata terhadap Perekonomian dan Emisi Karbon di Asia (Perbandingan Negara High Income dengan Middle Income)

Abstract

This study analyzes the impact of tourism on the economy and carbon emissions in Asia by comparing high-income and middle-income countries during the period 2009-2019. Using panel data regression models and Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR), it was found that tourism revenues significantly increase Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in high-income countries, while the impact is insignificant in middle-income countries. Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) positively affects economic growth in both groups, with a more substantial impact in middle-income countries. The labor force significantly contributes to GDP in both groups, with a greater impact in high-income countries. The use of information technology positively and significantly impacts economic growth in middle-income countries but is insignificant in high-income countries. Tourism significantly contributes to the increase in carbon emissions in both groups, with a greater impact in high-income countries. Urban population growth reduces carbon emissions in high-income countries but increases emissions in middle-income countries. The value-added of the industrial sector significantly impacts carbon emissions in high-income countries, while the impact is insignificant in middle-income countries. The value-added of the service sector significantly contributes to carbon emissions in high-income countries but is insignificant in middle-income countries. In conclusion, tourism has a greater impact on carbon emissions than on economy in both groups of countries, emphasizing the need for sustainable tourism strategies that consider environmental impacts while supporting economic growth.