Aktivitas Antagonis Hendersonia sp. dan Aspergillus sp. dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Ganoderma boninense pada Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis)

Abstract

Ganoderma disease is very important to be handled seriously. There are many efforts have been made to quell ganoderma disease, including utilization of biological control agents that are antagonistic to Ganoderma boninense such as Hendersonia sp. and Aspergillus sp. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness and mechanisms of Hendersonia sp. and Aspergillus sp. in inhibiting the growth of Ganoderma boninense. Hendersonia sp. was isolated from palm oil’s roots that have been given GanoEF® and cultivated on RBCA. The isolates of Hendersonia sp. and Aspergillus sp. were characterized and tested for its antagonistic ability and antagonistic mechanism against Ganoderma boninense. The antagonistic test between Hendersonia sp. and Aspergillus sp. use the dual culture method. The antagonistic mechanism also supported by using chitinolytic test, glucanolytic test and antifungal compound test data. Hendersonia sp. and Aspergillus sp. cultivated on chitin agar and glucan agar media and the index were measured by calculating the ratio of the clear zone diameter to colony diameter. The antifungal compound test have been used the ethyl acetate extract disc diffusion method and the percentage of G. boninense mycelium inhibition was calculated. The antagonistic test result indicates both Hendersonia sp. and Aspergillus sp. are able to inhibit the growth of Ganoderma boninense mycelium by the percentage of inhibition 69.33% and 53.42%. The antagonistic mechanisms between Hendersonia sp. and Aspergillus sp. against G. boninense was demonstrated by the formation of chitinase enzyme as evidenced by a chitinolytic index 0,748-0,888 in value, glucanase enzyme was produced Hendersonia sp. as evidenced by a glucanolytic index 0,523 in value, and antifungal compound with the percentage of inhibition 10%-15,5%.