Pengaruh Faktor Fisik Lingkungan terhadap Aktivitas Harian Trigona spp. Selama Musim Penghujan di Taman FMIPA Universitas Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Bee Trigona spp. is a type of honey producing bee that does not have a sting (stingless bee). This research aims to analyze bee activity Trigona spp. in the FMIPA park during the rainy season and potential food sources around the location. The results of data collected from November to December 2023, show physical factors with air humidity varying between 44%-87% (November) and 50%-80% (December). Light intensity ranges between 1106-2678 lux (November) and 1010- 2561 lux (December). Temperatures range from 27.8°C-36.5°C (November) and 28.3°C-35.1°C (December). Wind speed is between 0.4-3.8 m/s (November) and 0.2- 2.9 m/s (December). Rainfall is 190.5 mm (November) and 326.5 mm (December). There are 18 types of potential plants as food sources for bees, including 2 producers of pollen, nectar and resin; 9 pollen and nectar producers; 1 pollen and resin producer; 3 pollen producers; 3 nectar producers; as well as 7 flowering plants. Bee activity Trigona spp. varied, with different activity peaks for each colony. The highest activity occurred in colony 4 in the sixth observation, and the lowest in colony 5 in the fifth observation. Correlation analysis shows that temperature has a very weak positive correlation with outgoing and incoming activity (+0.01) and a moderate negative correlation with activity in-pollen and in-resin (-0.51 and -0.66). Air humidity is very weakly positively correlated with outgoing and incoming activities (+0.12 and +0.07) and moderately negatively with in-pollen activity (- 0.69) and strongly negative with activity in-resin (-0.81). Wind speed was moderately positively correlated with outbound and inbound activity (+0.42 and +0.55), but moderately negatively correlated with in-pollen and in-resin (-0.69 and -0.62). Light intensity showed a very weak negative correlation with incoming and outgoing activity (-0.09 and +0.12), and a moderate negative correlation with incoming and outgoing activity. in-pollen and in-resin (-0.67 and -0.46).