Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Keparahan Pneumonia pada Anak di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Prof. Dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Medan

Abstract

Background. Pneumonia is known as one of the world's health problems that causes high morbidity and mortality in children under five years old, especially children who live in developing countries, such as Indonesia. This is due to the weak immunity of those children. One of the risk factors is nutritional status. Nutritional status and infection are closely related. Children whose nutritional status is bad are susceptible to infection, and infection can cause malnuourished condition, such as anorexia, malabsorption, and increased nutritional needs. Aim. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and the severity of pneumonia in children aged at the Prof. Dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Hospital in Medan. Methods: This study uses a cross-sectional study design and an observational analytical investigation. The research sample was children aged 2-59 months who were diagnosed with pneumonia based on medical record data from Prof. Dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Medan Hospital in the period of January 2022 - January 2024, and the data were selected using the consecutive sampling method. After being calculated using the unpaired categorical analytical formula, a minimum sample size of 118 samples was required. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with chi-square test through SPSS software version 27. Results. From 122 patients, the majority of patients were aged 12-59 months (64.8%), male (56.6%), had good nutritional status (63.1%), had high level of life outcomes (98.4%) and had pneumonia (71.4%). Bivariate analysis showed a significant association between nutritional status and severity of pneumonia (p < 0,001; PR = 4,3023; CI = 3,449 – 20,338). But there was no significant association between age (p = 0,081; PR = 1,740; CI = 0,989 – 4,963) and gender (p = 1,000; PR = 1,02; CI = 0,468 – 2,283) with severity of pneumonia. Conclusion. There is a significant association between nutritional status and severity of pneumonia in children.