Karakteristik Pasien Hipertensi Pulmonal dengan Penyakit Jantung Bawaan Asianotik Dewasa di Pusat Jantung Terpadu RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension is a condition characterized by an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure > 20 mmHg, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) ≤ 15 mmHg, and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) ≥ 2 Wood units, as measured directly through right heart catheterization. Pulmonary hypertension can be associated with various forms of acyanotic congenital heart disease, with varying lesion sizes. Objective: To describe the characteristics of patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with acyanotic congenital heart disease. Methods: This study used a descriptive observational design with a retrospective approach to describe the characteristics of patients with pulmonary hypertension and acyanotic congenital heart disease. The variables evaluated included the type of acyanotic congenital heart disease, defect size, gender, age, severity level, and mortality rate of pulmonary hypertension. A total of 139 samples were selected using consecutive sampling. The data were analyzed using univariate analysis. Results: The most common type of acyanotic congenital heart disease was atrial septal defect (ASD) 74.8%, with the most frequent defect size being large ASD (55.4%). Pulmonary hypertension with acyanotic congenital heart disease in this study predominantly occurred in patients aged 18–29 years, with females being the most affected. The condition was generally severe, yet the survival rate remained remarkably good. Conclusion: Pulmonary hypertension associated with acyanotic congenital heart disease in this study was most commonly found in patients with Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), with large defect sizes. This condition predominantly affects female patients aged 18-29 years. The severity of pulmonary hypertension is generally high, but the survival rate of patients is relatively good, indicating the potential for effective management of this condition.