Korelasi Antara Gejala Klinis Anemia dengan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Siswa SD Negeri 064024 Medan

Abstract

Anemia is a global health problem commonly found in children, including elementary school students. The clinical symptoms of anemia can affect the growth and development of students. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the clinical symptoms of anemia and hemoglobin levels in elementary school students. This study used an observational design with a Cross-Sectional approach. A total of 73 students from grades 5 and 6 of SD Negeri 064024 Medan were selected on July 13, 2024. Data was collected through hemoglobin level testing using the Point of Care Test (POCT) method and by administering a questionnaire to assess clinical symptoms such as the 5L symptoms (Weak, Tired, Lethargic, Exhausted, Absent-minded), pallor, and shortness of breath. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square statistical test to determine the correlation between the two variables. The results of the study showed that of the 29 anemic students, 93.1% of them exhibited clinical symptoms of anemia with hemoglobin levels below the normal range. Among these, 51.7% were male and 41.4% were female. Hemoglobin levels in the students varied, with the lowest recorded at 9.9 g/dl and the highest at 15.7 g/dl, while the most frequent hemoglobin level found was 11.9 g/dl. The analysis revealed a significant correlation between clinical symptoms of anemia and hemoglobin levels (p = 0.000). Students who experienced fatigue and pallor had lower hemoglobin levels compared to students who did not show these symptoms. This study emphasizes the importance of paying attention to clinical symptoms of anemia and implementing appropriate interventions to support optimal growth and development of students. Increasing knowledge and awareness about anemia among students and parents is also necessary as part of efforts to prevent long-term health consequences.