Hubungan Antara Diabetes Melitus dengan Kejadian Katarak di Rumah Sakit Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis USU

Abstract

Introduction. Cataract is a clouding condition of the lens of the eye that causes visual impairment and is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. One of the factors that can increase the risk of cataracts is diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia in DM patients can cause opacification by initiating the polyol pathway and the glycoxidation process in the lens of the eye. Objective. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between diabetes mellitus and cataract occurrence at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis USU Hospital. Method. This study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. Determination of the sample using the random sampling method on the medical record data of patients of the Eye Polyclinic of Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis USU Hospital from January 2023 to August 2024, which got 347 medical record data. The data were analyzed using the lambda correlation statistical test. Results and Discussion. Based on the results of the study, it was found that out of 347 patients, 108 patients suffered from cataracts, among which there were 27 patients who had a history of diabetes mellitus. The highest frequency of cataract patients was found in men, aged over 60 years, suffering from cataracts in both eyes, being in the immature stage with the majority of visus in the blindness category and most of them were treated with non-surgical management. Bivariate analysis showed that there was an association between diabetes mellitus and cataract occurrence (p-value < 0.05) with a very small correlation coefficient (r = 0.157), so although there was a significant association, the relatively low strength of the correlation indicates that the influence of diabetes mellitus status on cataract incidence tends to be weak. Conclusion. There is a significant relationship between diabetes mellitus and cataract occurrence at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis USU Hospital.