Hubungan Faktor Risiko dengan Keluhan Low Back Pain pada Petugas Kebersihan Jalan di Kecamatan Medan Baru Kota Medan

Abstract

Introduction. Low Back Pain (LBP) is commonly experienced by workers, especially street cleaners who are exposed to high ergonomic risks. Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of LBP, including age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), years of service, working hours, and work posture. Objective. This study aimed to identify and analyze the risk factors associated with LBP complaints among street cleaners in Medan Baru District, Medan City. Method. This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design, where data were collected at a single point in time. The sample consisted of 115 street cleaners selected using consecutive sampling method. Data were collected using questionnaires and the REBA worksheet and then analyzed using bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses. Results. Among the 115 respondents, 88% were aged ≥35 years, the majority were male (65%), 53% had overweight BMI, 91% had more than 3 years of work experience, 74% worked for more than 8 hours, and 50% had a moderate risk posture. Bivariate analysis revealed significant relationships between gender (p = 0.01), BMI (p = 0.04), years of service (p = 0.01), working hours (p = 0.002), and posture (p = 0.001) with LBP, but not with age (p = 0.15). Multivariate analysis showed that working hours (OR 4,363) are the dominant factor affecting LBP. Conclusion. There are significant associations between gender, BMI, years of service, working hours, and work posture with LBP; however, no significant relationship between LBP and age was found. The factors of working hours and posture are more dominant in causing LBP complaints.