Gambaran Gangguan Psikososial pada Pasien Anak dengan Talasemia di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Background Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disease that is inherited from both parents and is caused by a disruption in the synthesis of protein in hemoglobin so that this causes defects in the structure of hemoglobin. Clinical manifestations of thalassemia can cause psychosocial disorders and reduce the sufferer's quality of life. Psychosocial disorders in this study were determined using the PSC-17 questionnaire which divides psychosocial disorders into internalizing disorders, attention disorders and externalizing disorders. Aim To determine the description of psychosocial disorders in children with thalassemia at the Haji Adam Malik Central General Hospital, Medan. Methods This research was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. Sample were obtained using a consecutive sampling method based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result The prevalence of psychosocial disorders in child patients with thalassemia at the Haji Adam Malik Central General Hospital in Medan was 78.3%, where most of the sufferers were male (63.8%), the child's education level was at primary level (48.9%), parental education level was secondary education (55.3%), all children were diagnosed with thalassemia major (100%), children were diagnosed at the age of less than two years (53.5%). The majority of children with thalassemia who experience psychosocial disorders receive transfusions every 1-2 weeks (66.0%) with Hb levels before transfusion ≤ 9 gr/dL (85.1%). The most common type of psychosocial disorder is internalization disorder (78.3%). Conclusion There are psychosocial disorders in pediatric patients with thalassemia with the most common types of psychosocial disorders being internalization disorders and boys suffering from psychosocial disorders most often.