Profil Pasien Difteri yang Dirawat di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan Periode Januari 2022-Agustus 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Diphtheria is one of the vaccine-preventable diseases. Increased vaccination coverage has made diphtheria less common. However, cases are still reported in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Understanding the characteristics of diphtheria patients in this region is crucial for early identification and management, which can reduce morbidity, mortality, and transmission. Objective: To determine the profile of diphtheria patients treated at Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan using medical records of patients clinically diagnosed with diphtheria from January 2022 to August 2024. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 27 and presented in frequency distribution tables and graphs. Results and Discussion: Of 39 study samples, 18 patients (46.21%) were children aged 5-10 years, 28 (71.8%) had no history of diphtheria vaccination, and 11 (28%) resided in Medan. Most of patients (64.1%) had symptoms less than 7 days before hospitalized, with fever (97.4%), pain while swallowing (97.4%), and pseudomembrane formation (94.9%) being the most common symptoms. Complications included myocarditis (38.5%) and airway obstruction (33.3%). A total of 28 patients (71.8%) recovered, while the case fatality rate was 15.4%. Conclusion: Fever, pain while swallowing, and pseudomembrane formation were common symptoms. Most patients were aged 5-10 years and unvaccinated, highlighting the need to improve basic and booster immunization coverage.