Pengaruh Intervensi Digital Pengingat Minum Obat terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat dan Outcome Klinis pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

Abstract

Many researchs showed that the medication adherence is low in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, so interventions are needed to increase compliance. One of these interventions is a medication reminder application. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of digital medication reminder interventions on medication adherence and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. A mixed-methods design study was conducted from August 2021 to June 2022 at health facilities in Medan with a total of 415 respondents for quantitative research and 25 respondents for qualitative research. Futhermore followed by a quasy experimental study with one group pre-test post-test design conducted from February to May 2024 at PB Selayang II health center and Prof. dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis hospital with 30 respondents as subjects. Type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients were the subjects of this research, where subjects received the intervention with the development a digital medication reminder application (MRA) called DiaCare installed on their smartphone. The subjects were type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients receiving treatment at health facilities in Medan. Instruments used were the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire-24 to measure patients’ knowledge, the Medication Adherence Rating Scale-5 to measure patients’ adherence, and the Diabetes Quality of Life to measure the quality of life. The data obtained was collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel, pair T test and Wilcoxon statistical analysis. The results of this study indicated that there is no relationship between respondent characteristics to the level of knowledge and between respondent characteristics to medication adherence among type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients. The factors of patient’s non-adherence were fear of antidiabetics’side effects, forgetfulness, laziness, boredom, running out of medication, feeling healthy, and economic factors. MRA Diacare was efective to increase the medication adherence 30%, decrease fasting blood glucose 23.3%, decrease HbA1c 23.3%, and increase quality of life 13.4%. The DiaCare medication reminder application was effective in improving the medication adherence and clinical outcome of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.