Efektivitas Aplikasi Hidrogel Ekstrak Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) 25% pada Model Periodontitis Tikus: Evaluasi terhadap Jumlah Sel Makrofag

Abstract

The primary treatment for periodontitis involves scaling and root planing (SRP). However, this treatment is often insufficient to completely eliminate the bacterial growth causing periodontitis, requiring adjunctive therapy in the form of local or systemic antibiotics. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) contains antimicrobial activity due to its bioactive compounds, including saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides, which can inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 25% andaliman extract hydrogel application on macrophage count as an adjunct to initial therapy in a rat periodontitis model. The study involved 36 Wistar rats divided into treatment groups receiving andaliman extract hydrogel, a positive control group treated with metronidazole gel, and a negative control group receiving a placebo. The rats were euthanized on days 1, 3, and 7 post-treatment, and clinical parameters such as gingival index, bleeding on probing, and pocket depth were measured. Histological evaluation was conducted to assess the macrophage count. The results showed no significant differences (p>0.05) in the gingival index, bleeding on probing, and pocket depth scores among the treatment, positive control, and negative control groups on days 1, 3, and 7. However, histological evaluation revealed a significant difference in the percentage of macrophages among all groups on day 7 (p<0.05). The 25% andaliman extract hydrogel significantly affected macrophage counts on day 7, with macrophage levels continuing to decrease in the treatment and positive control groups up to day 7. The conclusion of this study is the 25% andaliman extract hydrogel is effective in rat periodontitis model by reducing macrophage cell counts.