Gambaran Karakteristik Leukemia Akut di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2022-2023

Abstract

Background. Leukemia is a condition characterized by an increased number of white blood cells (leukocytes) due to malignancy in the organs that produce blood cells. This leads to abnormal proliferation of immature hematopoietic cells. The disease is also marked by the failure of the bone marrow to produce healthy blood cells and the spread of cancer cells to other body tissues.Objective. This study aims to describe the characteristics of acute leukemia at RSUP Adam Malik Medan during the period of 2022-2023. Methods. This research employs a descriptive method with a cross-sectional design. Samples were taken from patients diagnosed with acute leukemia at RSUP Adam Malik Medan during 2022-2023 using total sampling techniques. Results and Discussion. Of the total 81 acute leukemia patients, most were in the age range of 36-45 years (28.4%), and the majority were female (56.8%). The most commonly found type of leukemia was acute myeloid leukemia (53.1%). The most frequent clinical manifestation was fatigue (72.8%). Hematological examination results indicated that (95.1%) of patients experienced anemia, (70.4%) had leukocytosis, and (87.7%) had thrombocytopenia. Additionally, (55.6%) of acute leukemia patients did not receive active therapy. Conclusion. Acute leukemia typically occurs in the productive age group, and most patients who present have anemia. Therefore, early detection and increased education regarding the risk factors for leukemia, including early symptoms and the importance of regular health check-ups, are strongly recommended.