Penapisan Fitokimia dan Uji Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun, Batang dan Akar Nangka (Artocarpus Heterophyllus)

Abstract

Background. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is one of the tropical plants in the Asian region, known to have various potential health benefits. Parts of this plant, such as leaves, stems, and roots, are rich in bioactive compounds that have the potential to serve as natural antioxidants. Antioxidant activity is crucial in combating free radicals that can damage body cells and contribute to various degenerative diseases. Phytochemical screening of jackfruit leaf, stem, and root extracts is necessary to identify secondary metabolites or active compounds with antioxidant activity. Objective. To determine the secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of leaves, stems and roots of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). Method. Ethanol extracts of leaves (EEDN), roots (EEAN) and stems (EEBN) of jackfruit were obtained by maceration using a 96% ethanol solvent. Qualitative phytochemical screening is carried out to identify secondary metabolites in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids and tannins. The antioxidant activity test was carried out by the 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Results. The three extracts (EEDN, EEAN and EEBN) showed the presence of secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides and tannins. Only EEBN does not contain steroid compounds. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of EEAN was stronger than that of EEBN and EEDN (IC50: 47.18 < 112.68 < 157.08 ppm). Conclusion. Jackfruit root, stem and leaf extracts contain secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides and tannins. The root extract shows the most potent antioxidant activity.