Hubungan Penggunaan Tabir Surya dan Paparan Sinar Matahari terhadap Kejadian Melasma pada Perempuan di Kelurahan Denai Kecamatan Medan Denai Kota Medan Tahun 2024

Abstract

Introduction. Melasma is a common hyperpigmentation disorder among women, particularly those with darker skin tones or Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI. Genetic factors, hormonal influences, and UV exposure are the primary causes of melasma. UV radiation can cause skin damage, increase melanin production, and exacerbate melasma. In Indonesia, the majority of the population has Fitzpatrick skin types IIIIV, which are prone to darkening from sun exposure, leading to a higher incidence of melasma. Therefore, the use of sunscreen is essential as an effective preventive measure to reduce the occurrence of melasma. Objective. To determine the relationship between sunscreen use and sun exposure on the incidence of melasma among women in Denai Sub-district, Medan Denai District, Medan City. Method. This study employs an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Kendall's tau-b statistical test. Results and Discussion. Among the 62 respondents, the largest age group was 46 – 50 years (43.5%), which also had the highest incidence of melasma with 21 respondents. The majority of respondents used sunscreen in the moderate category (37.1%). In terms of sun exposure, most respondents fell into the high exposure category, with 32 respondents (51.6%). The relationship between sunscreen use and melasma incidence showed a p-value of 0.001. Similarly, the relationship between sun exposure and melasma incidence also showed a p-value of 0.001. Conclusion. There is a significant correlation between sunscreen use and the incidence of melasma, characterized by a strong. Similarly, there is a significant correlation between sun exposure and the incidence of melasma, characterized by a very strong.