Hubungan Stres dengan Derajat Keparahan Dismenore pada Mahasiswi di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Background: Dysmenorrhea occurs due to excessive release of prostaglandins which causes increased uterine contractions resulting in pain during menstruation. When stressed, the body will overproduce the hormones adrenaline, estrogen and prostaglandins. Excessive adrenaline hormone can cause increased muscle tension throughout the body including the uterus, which can increase excessive contractions during menstruation, causing dysmenorrhea. Excessive estrogen hormone causes increased uterine contractions. Meanwhile, an increase in the hormone prostaglandin will cause uterine muscle contractions and can cause vasospasm of the uterine arterioles resulting in ischemia and cramps in the lower abdomen which will stimulate pain. Objective: To analyze the relationship between stress and the occurrence of dysmenorrhoea in female students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra Method: This research design was chosen because the researcher wanted to find out the correlation between stress levels and the incidence of dysmenorrhea using a case series approach which prioritizes time measurement/observation of independent and dependent variable data only once at a time. Instruments are used to collect detailed data so that valid, reliable and actual data is obtained. In this research, data collection used a questionnaire/google forms. The instruments used were a stress level questionnaire (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale), and a dysmenorrhea questionnaire (Numeric Pain Rating Scale). Bivariate analysis will be carried out using the Person Correlation test if the data is normally distributed and using the Spearman Correlation test if the data is not normally distributed Results: Based on the results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, it was found that the data were normally distributed, so the data analysis used Pearson correlation. Based on the results of data analysis, a p-value of 0.000 was obtained which was smaller than the significance value α (0.05), indicating that H1 was accepted, indicating a relationship between stress levels and the incidence of dysmenorrhea. The Pearson correlation value is 0.583 which indicates that the level of stress has a moderate correlation with the incidence of dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that most female students experienced a regular menstrual cycle. It was found in this study that the majority of female students had nutritional status in the normal category. In this study it was found that the age of menarch was mostly at the age of > 12 years. The stress level in this study was the highest in the mild category stress level. The incidence of dysmenorrhea in female students illustrates that most experience dysmenorrhea. The results showed that there was a moderate correlation between the level of stress and the incidence of dysmenorrhea in female students.