Skrining Faktor Risiko Kanker Paru Menggunakan Kuesioner pada Puskesmas Kota Medan Johor

Abstract

Background. Lung cancer remains one of the malignancies with high morbidity and mortality rates in Indonesia. Accurate identification of lung cancer risk factors is crucial for disease prevention and management. The NARU (Kenali Paru) questionnaire has been developed and validated as a screening tool to identify risk factors and assess lung cancer risk scoring. Methods. This research employed an observational descriptive study design. Data were collected from 180 respondents who met the inclusion criteria at Medan Johor Primary Healthcare Centre. The NARU questionnaire was utilised to gather information about lung cancer risk factors. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics to determine the distribution and levels of lung cancer risk scores. Results. The findings revealed that lung cancer risk scores were categorised into three groups: low risk (≤11 points) comprising 11 individuals (5.6%), moderate risk (12-16 points) comprising 45 individuals (25.1%), and high risk (17-29 points) comprising 125 individuals (69.3%). In the high-risk scoring group, the predominant risk factors were: family history of non-lung cancers (79 individuals, 63.2%) and lung cancer (72 individuals, 57.6%), carcinogenic occupational exposure (76 individuals, 60.8%), residence near pollution sources (124 individuals, 99.2%), inadequate living conditions (67 individuals, 53.6%), and previous medical history of tuberculosis (75 individuals, 60%) and COPD- ILD (14 individuals, 11.2%). Results and Discussion. This study demonstrates that the NARU questionnaire effectively identifies lung cancer risk factors and determines risk scores. However, several limitations warrant attention. The NARU questionnaire requires optimisation and additional questions for subpopulations with comorbidities or other specific health conditions.