Prevalensi Anemia pada Pasien Gagal Jantung di RS Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Introduction. Anemia is a common medical condition observed in patients with heart failure. The coexistence of anemia and heart failure exacerbates cardiovascular dysfunction, heightening morbidity and mortality rates and significantly diminishing patient quality of life. The incidence of anemia among heart failure patients continues to rise annually. Objective. To determine the prevalence of anemia in heart failure cases at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, in 2023. Method. This research is a descriptive observational study employing a retrospective approach with a cross-sectional design. Results and Discussion. Of a total of 1,840 heart failure patients, 772 (41.95%) were diagnosed with anemia, while 1,068 (58.05%) did not present with anemia. Demographic analysis indicated that anemia was more prevalent in male patients (54%) compared to females, with the highest affected age group being adults aged 19–59 years (53%). Distribution of anemia severity based on hemoglobin levels showed that 77% of patients experienced mild anemia. Blood morphology analysis, including MCH, MCV, and MCHC values, revealed that most anemic patients exhibited normochromic (52%) and normocytic (90%) characteristics with normal MCHC levels (83%), suggesting a link between anemia and chronic disease conditions. Conclusion. These findings suggest that anemia in heart failure patients is closely associated with the chronicity of the disease, highlighting the need for targeted management strategies to mitigate its impact on patient quality of life and mortality rates.