Karakteristik Pasien Fibrilasi Atrium di Pusat Jantung Terpadu RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2023

Abstract

Background. Atrial fibrillation (FA) is one of the most common heart rhythm disorders characterized by uncoordinated atrial electrical activity. FA can trigger serious complications such as stroke, heart failure, and heart attack, with a higher risk in women than men. Globally, FA is the most sustainable tachyarrhythmia, with more than 50 million cases in 2020. In the United States and Asia, the prevalence is expected to continue to increase. The main risk factors that trigger FA include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, and an unhealthy lifestyle. Diagnosis of FA uses an electrocardiogram (ECG) to detect electrical rhythm abnormalities and echocardiography (Echo) to evaluate the structure and function of the heart. Research that explores the characteristics of FA patients, especially in Indonesia, is still limited. Based on this need, research was conducted to identify the profile of FA patients at the Integrated Heart Center of Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan, in order to provide data, prevention strategies, and more effective management of FA.Methods. Quantitative descriptive research was conducted by analyzing medical record data of 107 FA patients in 2023. The data collected included age, gender, smoking history, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, body mass index (BMI), electrocardiogram (ECG) examination results, and echocardiography (Echo).Results. Most of the patients were ≥40 years old (93.5%) and male (63.6%). The most risk factors were hypertension (47.7%) and smoking (47.3%). The majority of patients had a normoweight BMI (47.7%) or class 1 obesity (31.8%). ECG examination showed normal results in ventricular rhythm (58.9%) and cardiac axis (64.5%), without ventricular enlargement (58.9%). Echo showed a decrease in ejection fraction (78%) and severe left atrial dilation (46.7%), with AR/MR/TR heart valve abnormalities (42.1%). The FA classification is dominated by valvular FA(81.3%).Conclusion. FA patients are predominantly ≥40 years old, male, hypertension, and smoking. The ECG examination is mostly normal, while Echo shows decreased heart function and changes in the structure of the atria and heart valves.