| dc.description.abstract | Background. Atrial fibrillation (FA) is one of the most common heart rhythm
disorders characterized by uncoordinated atrial electrical activity. FA can trigger
serious complications such as stroke, heart failure, and heart attack, with a higher
risk in women than men. Globally, FA is the most sustainable tachyarrhythmia, with
more than 50 million cases in 2020. In the United States and Asia, the prevalence
is expected to continue to increase. The main risk factors that trigger FA include
hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, and an unhealthy lifestyle.
Diagnosis of FA uses an electrocardiogram (ECG) to detect electrical rhythm
abnormalities and echocardiography (Echo) to evaluate the structure and function
of the heart. Research that explores the characteristics of FA patients, especially in
Indonesia, is still limited. Based on this need, research was conducted to identify
the profile of FA patients at the Integrated Heart Center of Haji Adam Malik
Hospital Medan, in order to provide data, prevention strategies, and more effective
management of FA.Methods. Quantitative descriptive research was conducted by
analyzing medical record data of 107 FA patients in 2023. The data collected
included age, gender, smoking history, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, body mass
index (BMI), electrocardiogram (ECG) examination results, and echocardiography
(Echo).Results. Most of the patients were ≥40 years old (93.5%) and male (63.6%).
The most risk factors were hypertension (47.7%) and smoking (47.3%). The
majority of patients had a normoweight BMI (47.7%) or class 1 obesity (31.8%).
ECG examination showed normal results in ventricular rhythm (58.9%) and
cardiac axis (64.5%), without ventricular enlargement (58.9%). Echo showed a
decrease in ejection fraction (78%) and severe left atrial dilation (46.7%), with
AR/MR/TR heart valve abnormalities (42.1%). The FA classification is dominated
by valvular FA(81.3%).Conclusion. FA patients are predominantly ≥40 years old,
male, hypertension, and smoking. The ECG examination is mostly normal, while
Echo shows decreased heart function and changes in the structure of the atria and
heart valves. | en_US |
