Perbandingan Status Gizi dan Kejadian Anemia pada Pasien Anak dengan Penyakit Jantung Bawaan Sianotik dan Asianotik di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Background. In 2017, CHD was the cause of 251,247 infant deaths globally. In Indonesia, 8 out of 1000 newborns suffer from CHD. Both cyanotic and acyanotic CHD can affect the nutritional status of the patient. Patients with malnutrition often develop anemia which can increase morbidity and mortality in patients with CHD. Objective. This study aims to analyze the differences of nutritional status and the incidence of anemia in pediatric patients with cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. Methods. The study was analytic observational through a cross-sectional approach. Data collection and processing used secondary data from the medical records of pediatric patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan which were then analyzed using the Mann Whitney test. Results. Patients consisted of 85 children per group with the majority of patients with Tetralogy Of Fallot (TOF) as much as 35.9%. In the anthropometric measurement of Weight for age , CHD pediatric patients with very low body weight were 38.8%, based on Height for age the majority had normal stature as much as 45.9%, based on weight for length/height he majority had normal nutritional status as much as 35.9%, and based on body mass index for age the majority had normal nutrition as much as 38.8%. The incidence of anemia in cyanotic CHD was 22.4% and in acyanotic CHD was 63.5%. Conclusion. There is a significant difference between the incidence of anemia in patients with cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease, but not in nutritional status.