Faktor-Faktor Lingkungan dan Perilaku Masyarakat yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Filariasis di Kecamatan Pulau Rakyat, Kecamatan Pulo Bandring dan Kecamatan Sei Dadap Kabupaten Asahan Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Filariasis is an infectious disease that does not directly cause death but can lead to disability. The number of filariasis cases in North Sumatra Province fluctuated yearly, with 148 cases in 2016, 132 in 2017, 216 in 2018, and 117 in 2019. The highest filariasis cases in Asahan Regency are found in Pulau Rakyat, Pulo Bandring, and Sei Dodap subdistricts. The objective of this study is to determine the environmental factors, mosquito habitat, and community behaviors related to the incidence of filariasis in these subdistricts. Chi-square analysis revealed that environmental factors related to filariasis include wall type (p-value 0.037, OR 4.342), indicating that having a non-permanent house increases the risk of filariasis by 4.342 times compared to permanent houses, and the presence of wire mesh (p-value 0.028, OR 4.848), meaning that the absence of wire mesh increases the risk of filariasis by 4.848 times compared to fully covered wire mesh. Mosquito habitat factors associated with filariasis include the presence of livestock near the home (p-value = 0.007, OR 7.260), where having livestock near the house increases the risk by 7.260 times, and the distance between the livestock pen and the house (p-value = 0.031. OR 4.658), where having the pen less than 100 meters from the house increases the risk by 4.658 times compared to a distance of more than 100 meters. There are no behavioral factors that significantly affect the incidence of filariasis. The dominant factors influencing filariasis incidence include wall type, wire mesh presence, and the distance of livestock pens from homes. Multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression showed that the p-value for wall type was 0.132, for wire mesh presence was 0.030, and for livestock pen distance was 0.052. Asahan Regency's efforts to eliminate filariasis consist of key activities such as: 1) Health Surveillance, 2) Patient Management, 3) Risk Factor Control, and 4) Communication, Information, and Education.