Optimasi Ekstraksi Daun Gagatan Harimau (Ampelocissus thyrsiflora (Blume) Planch.) dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) terhadap Aktivitas Antibakteri Staphylococcus Epidermidis

Abstract

Background: Gagatan harimau is a traditional North Sumatra medicinal plant which people used to cure various diseases, such as diarrhea, wound, infections, and as a stamina enchanter. Gagatan Harimau leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that have the ability as antibacterials. The extraction method used is Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) using ethanol solvent and different extraction power and time. Optimization of the extraction process is carried out to obtain optimum extract conditions. Optimum extract conditions can be developed as standardized herbal medicine. Objective: To determine the effect of different extraction power and time on extract yield and total phenol, antibacterial activity optimization results of ethanol extracts of gagatan harimau leaves. Method: This research using experimental methods starting with phytochemical screening and characterization of simplicia, extraction using MAE with 96% ethanol solvent with power variations of 180 watts, 300 watts, 450 watts and time variations of 3 minutes, 7 minutes, 15 minutes, determination of total phenol, and testing antibacterial activity from optimization results using paper discs. Results: The optimum extract yield was 20.20% with 450 watts of power and 15 minutes of time. Total phenol with optimum power and time of 232.01±4.54 mg GAE/g sample was obtained from ethanol extract of gagatan harimau leaves with 300 watts and 7 minutes is 4.1625 mg/mL has an inhibition zone is 7.93±0.81 mm and does not have minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. Conclusion: Ethanol extracts of gagatan harimau leaves with different extraction power and time affect the yield of extracts and total phenol. Antibacterial activity of the optimization result of ethanol extract of gagatan harimau leaves with the highest total phenol has MIC but does not have MBC.