Hubungan Interferon-Gamma terhadap Derajat Aktifitas Penyakit (SLEDAI-2K) dan Derajat Kerusakan Organ (SDI) Pasien Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Abstract

Background: SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes organ damage and has diverse clinical symptoms. High morbidity and mortality are linked to increased disease activity. The interferon signaling pathway is activated in SLE cases, but its link to higher SLE disease activity remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of IFN-gamma in influencing the activity level of organ damage in SLE. Methods: Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, this cross-sectional study was conducted over 6 months at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan. The data collected included clinical manifestations, SLEDAI and SLICC Damage Index (SDI), and IFN-gamma levels. The impact of IFN-gamma on the extent of organ damage activity was assessed using a correlation test. Linearity and correlation strength were considered statistically significant, as indicated by a p-value less than 0.05. Results: The study included 67 patients, mostly women (9:1 ratio), with an average age of 35. Moderate disease activity was observed at 41.8%, the median SDI organ damage score was 1, and the median IFN-gamma level was 31.16 pg/mL. The mean interferon-gamma levels exhibited a progressive increase corresponding to the severity of disease activity. Specifically, the levels were 39.48 ±28.65 during remission, 93.49±105.5 with mild disease activity, 200.55±374 in moderate cases, and 208.84±336 in severe cases. IFN-gamma showed no significant correlation with disease activity (SLEDAI) or the SLICC Damage Index (SDI), with r values of +0.055 (p = 0.659) and +0.083 (p = 0.506). Conclusion: Interferon-gamma levels do not correlate with disease severity or organ damage in SLE patients. Keywords: SLE, IFN-Gamma, SLEDAI, SLICC Damage Index