Evaluasi Efektivitas Terapi Splin Oklusal dan Terapi Fisik Latihan Terhadap Gangguan Temporomandibular: Telaah Sistematis

Abstract

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) involve the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, and associated structures, presenting with various signs and symptoms, such as difficulty in chewing, speaking, and other orofacial functions. Common treatment options for TMD include occlusal splint therapy and exercise therapy. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of occlusal splint therapy and exercise therapy in managing TMD through a systematic review. Methods: Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar, covering publications from 2012 to 2022. The keywords used included ("temporomandibular disorders") AND (exercise OR physiotherapy OR "exercise therapy") AND ("splints" OR "occlusal splints" OR "occlusal appliance" OR "occlusal splint therapy"). Data synthesis was performed using qualitative data analysis techniques. Results: Based on the search results, 1,707 articles were identified. After checking for duplicates and filtering according to PICOS and inclusion criteria, 7 articles were found to be eligible. From the results that had already been obtained and analyzed, occlusal splint therapy and physical exercise therapy had the same effectiveness but had their own advantages and disadvantages. Both therapies demonstrated a reduction in pain and improvement in limited mouth opening. Conclusion: There is no difference in the effectiveness of occlusal splint therapy and exercise therapy for managing TMD. Considering their respective benefits and limitations, exercise therapy may be recommended as an initial treatment for TMD, while occlusal splint therapy can be employed for specific pathological conditions or as a complementary treatment in advanced cases.