| dc.description.abstract | Bio-oil is a blackish liquid fuel that comes from biomass such as wood, rice
straw, empty oil palm fruit bunches, corn cob bark and other biomass from forestry
waste and the forest products industry through pyrolysis technology (Wibowo,
2013). Bio-oil is a very promising renewable energy source that is used for
industries such as combustion fuel, power generation, to produce chemicals, resins,
and can be mixed with diesel oil as diesel engine fuel with certain mixtures (Saputra
and Syaiful, 2015). The potential for bio-oil to be useful as a raw material and
support for the chemical industry has made bio-oil widely used, especially in
Indonesia. Therefore, an effort is needed so that bio-oil production can be fulfilled
by establishing a bio-oil factory in Indonesia.
The design of this bio-oil factory uses cocoa shell as the main raw material,
which is obtained from farmers' production waste, where cocoa shell is able to
produce bio-oil from fast pyrolysis. The first process carried out was the Pre-
Treatment process for the raw material, namely cocoa shell in the storage
warehouse (G-101). Next, the cocoa shell is fed to a rotary cutter (RC-101) to
reduce the size, after that it is fed to a rotary dryer (DE-101) to reduce the water
content of the cocoa shell raw material. The dried cocoa is fed into a disk mill (DM-
101) to make it smaller in size so that it meets the criteria for using a fluidized bed
reactor and to speed up the pyrolysis reaction. Powdered cocoa shell is put into a
vibrating screen (S-101) to separate the powder from any remaining impurities.
Next, the dry and clean powdered cocoa shell is then stored in the rice straw powder
bin (TT-101). It is then fed into the fluidized bed reactor (R-201) from the side of
the reactor. Next, nitrogen will be fed into the reactor which functions as a fluidizer and oxygen binder. The temperature used in the reactor is 500 ℃. The gas that has
been condensed in the condenser will then flow to the knock out drum (D-201) to
separate the gas and liquid that is formed. The condensed liquid is what is called
bio-oil.
Pre-design of this bio-oil factory using cocoa shell as raw material is
planned to produce with a production capacity of 38,000 tons/year and operate for
330 days a year. The factory location is planned Bolano Lambunu District, Parigi
Moutong Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The land area required
to establish the factory is 19,266.5 m2. The factory's utility water needs will be
supplied from the Muara Dua river as much as 11,634.598 kg/hour. The company's
organizational form is planned to be a Limited Liability Company (PT) with a total
number of employees of 156 people.
The results of the economic aspect analysis obtained are as follows:
1. Capital Investment (CI) : $ 76.714.495,83
2. Total Cost (TC) : $ 90.216.247,10
3. Profit Margin (PM) : 15,96%
4. Break Event Point (BEP) : 42,22%
5. Return On Investment (ROI) : 35%
6. Pay Out Time (POT) : 7,545 year
7. Profit Margin (PM) : 33,78%
8. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) : 19%
On the results of the analysis of economic aspects, it can be concluded that
“A factory for making Bio-oil from cacao shell with a capacity of 38,000 tons/year”
is feasible to be established. | en_US |
