Kajian Hidrologi Dan Potensi Dekarbonisasi Pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air Run Off River Batang Toru Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan

Abstract

Indonesia has abundant water resource potential for the utilization of Hydroelectric Power Plant (HEPP). The Batang Toru River has a hydropower potential of 510 MW, which has not yet been maximized. The research problem focuses on hydrological analysis to determine the reliable discharge and electricity generation capacity of the Batang Toru HEPP. The main objective of this research is to analyze the hydrological potential of the river, calculate the electricity generation capacity that can be produced, and evaluate the total carbon gas emissions from energy generation, supporting the sustainable and environmentally friendly operation of the HEPP. The research method involves a literature study, collection of historical rainfall and river discharge data, and hydrological analysis to determine the reliable discharge. Hydraulic analysis is conducted to calculate the effective head and head loss. Furthermore, energy generation capacity simulations are performed, accompanied by a general environmental impact analysis to provide mitigation recommendations. Based on the analysis, the Batang Toru HEPP requires reliable discharge for sustainable operation. The 90% reliable discharge (Q90) of 72,67 m³/second does not meet the 510 MW requirement, making reservoir construction necessary. With a design discharge of 219.494 m³/second, 510 MW can be generated. Additionally, this HEPP can reduce CO2 emissions by 1,326,645 tons per year and is entitled to a CER fund of Rp. 244,054,986,345. It is also recommended to expand the hydrological data coverage and utilize modern technologies such as GIS-based modeling for more in-depth analysis. Moreover, feasibility analysis of the HEPP, as well as environmental and social impacts on local communities, should be conducted. The research should also focus on greenhouse gas emission reduction technologies to enhance energy generation efficiency.