Sistem Jaminan Sosial Program Jaminan Kehilangan Pekerjaan yang Efektif di Indonesia, Malaysia dan Jepang

Abstract

Job Loss Security Program (JKP), as part of the social security system in Indonesia, is regulated by Law Number 6 af 2023 on Job Creation, in Malaysia it is regulated by the Employment Insurance System (EIS) Act 2017 and in Japan it is regulated by the Employment Insurance Law (Law No. 116. of 1974), is a key discussion to understand how each country supports its workers who lose their job. The research uses a normative legal research method with legislation approach and case approach. This descriptive research is conducted by applying welfare state, theory, legal protection theory and Comparative Law theory. Secondary data are collected through literature study and document study. Data obtained are analyzed using qualitative data analysis. In Indonesia, JKP offers benefits such as cash allowances, access to job market information and job training for amaximum of 6 months. This program provides coverage for formal workers who are laid off and does not include non- formal workers. In Malaysia, it provides unemployment benefits for a maximum of 6 months and encompasses both formal.and informal sector workers, civil servants, foreign workers, and domestic servants. Meanwhile, in Japan, the duration of benefits ranges from 3 to 12 months depending on the reason for unemployment. Employees laid off by the company receive benefits for 3 to 6 months, those who resig voluntarily receive benefits for 3 to 5 months, and disabled workers receive benefits for 5 to 12 months. By considering international standards, namely ILO Convention Number 102 0f 1952 and 168 of 1988, along with practices observed in Malaysia and Japan, it is hoped that Indonesia can develop a more effective JKP system to provide better social protection for all workers in Indonesia.