Evaluasi Uji Daya Hambat Gel Enzim Bromelin terhadap Porphyromonas gingivalis dan Kadar Interleukin-6 pada Model Tikus Periodontitis

Abstract

Introduction. Periodontitis is an inflammation of the periodontium caused by the accumulation of dental plaque. P.gingivalis can activate immune cells, which then trigger an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine production and inflammation in periodontitis. Bromelain is an active compound with biological benefits, such as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory zone differences after applying bromelain enzyme gel at concentrations of 0.1% and 1% against Porphyromonas gingivalis and to evaluate the effect of bromelain enzyme gel at concentrations of 0,1% and 1% on Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in a rat periodontitis model. Method This study uses a true experimental post-test only control group design. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: healthy, periodontitis without treatment, placebo gel, 0.1% bromelain gel, and 1% bromelain gel. The rats were induced with periodontitis for 7 days, followed by treatment for 7 days. IL-6 levels were examined using the ELISA technique from the gingival tissue samples of the Wistar rats. The results shows inhibitory test of bromelain gel against P. gingivalis showed a strong inhibition (11.62 mm) in the 1% bromelain gel group. The mean IL-6 level in periodontitis rats treated with 0.1% bromelain gel was 5.72 pg/ml, while the 1% bromelain gel group had 4.00 pg/ml. The 1% bromelain gel showed antibacterial effects against P. gingivalis, and the highest IL-6 levels were found in the healthy rat group, followed by the periodontitis group without treatment, placebo gel group, 0.1% bromelain gel group, and 1% bromelain gel group. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant effect of 1% bromelain gel on P. gingivalis bacteria, while there was no significant effect of 0.1% and 1% bromelain gel on IL-6 levels in the periodontitis-induced rat model (p < 0.05). Conclusions of this study is there are significant effect of 1% bromelain enzyme gel on Porphyromonas gingivalis and no significant effect of bromelain enzyme gel at concentrations of 0,1% and 1%.