Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Pegagan (Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban) sebagai Agen Kemoprevensi terhadap Kejadian Karsinoma Sel Skuamosa yang Diinduksi dengan Injeksi 100 µg Dimetilbenzan (α) Antrasena (DMBA) pada Mukosa Mulut Tikus Wistar Jantan (Rattus norvegicus)

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer. The primary risk factors include tobacco smoking, betel quid chewing, alcohol consumption, and sun exposure. Cancer prevention strategies involve lifestyle modifications, dietary regulation, and the administration of anticancer agents, known as chemoprevention. One potential natural chemopreventive agent is (Centella asiatica) (L.) Urban), commonly known as pegagan leaves. This study aims to evaluate the effevtivity of ethanolic extract of Pegagan leaves as a chemopreventive agent against OSCC with the goal of providing a natural therapeutic alternative for oral cancer prevention. This study is an experimental laboratory research involving 18 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), which were divided into two groups. Each group received different treatments, group I (Control) was given induction by injection of 100 µg DMBA and group II (Treatment) was given Centella asiatica extract and induction by injection of 100 µg DMBA. The study was conducted over 61 days, after which histopathological examination was performed to assess dysplastic changes in the degree of dysplasia. The degree of dysplasia was evaluated based on the 2017 WHO classification. Data analysis was conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk test, followed by the Mann-Whitney test. The results of the study showed that the administration of induction by injection of dimethylbenz (α) anthracene (DMBA) did not cause the formation of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma but was still in the early stages (dysplasia) and the administration of Centella asiatica leaf extract could reduce the level of dysplasia which was lower than the control group which was only given dimethylbenz (α) anthracene (DMBA) induction.