Formulasi Sediaan Krim Tabir Surya dari Karboksimetil Kitosan dan Penentuan Nilai SPF (Sun Protecting Factor) secara In Vitro

Abstract

A study has been conducted on the use of carboxymethyl chitosan (KMK) in the formulation of sunscreen cream preparations as a skin protector from excessive sunlight. Sunscreen is a cosmetic ingredient that scatters UV radiation so that it can protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV rays. The effectiveness of sunscreen cream preparations is based on the determination of the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value which describes the ability of sunscreen to protect the skin. Carboxymethyl chitosan has the potential to be used in several types of products, especially in the cosmetic field. In this study, carboxymethyl chitosan will be seen for its ability in the formulation of sunscreen cream to protect skin exposed to excessive sunlight. In this study, the provision of sunscreen cream formulations from carboxymethyl chitosan was carried out which were formulated with different concentrations of KMK, namely 1%, 1.5%, and 2% for determining the SPF value and analyzing the physical quality of sunscreen cream preparations from carboxymethyl chitosan during storage. Determination of the SPF value was tested in vitro using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The evaluation results of the KMK sunscreen cream preparation during 8 weeks of storage showed that the KMK sunscreen cream preparation met the homogeneity test requirements which did not show coarse grains, pH test and viscosity test of the resulting sunscreen cream preparation met the quality requirements of SNI sunscreen (SNI 16-4399-1996) namely a pH range of 7.22-7.71 and a viscosity range of 3,141.7 - 3,921.5 cP. The stability test of the sunscreen cream preparation showed no changes in aroma, color, and texture during the storage period and did not irritate. The largest % antioxidant inhibition was obtained in the sunscreen cream preparation with a KMK concentration of 2%, namely 7.34%. Determination of the SPF value obtained from each concentration, namely at a concentration of KMK 1%, namely SPF 1 with a category below the minimum, at a concentration of KMK 1.5%, namely SPF 4.5 with a moderate category and at KMK 2% has the highest SPF value, namely 19 which is included in the ultra category.