Kajian Keamanan Pangan Mikroplastik pada Insang dan Daging Ikan Layang (Decapterus Macarellus) Hasil Tangkapan Nelayan di TPI Pantai Labu, Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the largest contributors of plastic waste pollution in the world, but the level of microplastics in its waters is still very small compared to the United States and China. Mackerel are included in the small pelagic fish caught by fishermen at the Labu Beach TPI. The presence of microplastics in the waters can directly enter the body of the mackerel through the mouth during the feeding process, while indirectly it can come from prey organisms that have been contaminated with microplastics previously or from the respiration process through the gills. The aim of this study was to determine the abundance and characteristics of microplastics contained in the gills of the Mackerel (D. macarellus), knowing the estimation of microplastics in the human body on the safety risk of consuming Mackerel (D. macarellus), knowing the safety and quality of the Mackerel (D. macarellus) caught at the TPI Pantai Labu, North Sumatra. This research was conducted from September to October 2024, based on the catches of fishermen at the Labu Beach TPI. The analysis of fish samples used was FTIR, Histology and BSLT. The results of the study showed that the types of microplastics that had been identified in the gills of mackerel at TPI Pantai Labu consisted of 4 types, namely fiber, film, pellets and fragments with the most microplastics found in the form of pellets amounting to 945 particles. The estimated microplastics in the human body that consumes mackerel (D. macarellus) is 3,81 particles/year. Food safety of Mackerel (D. macarellus) is safe for consumption. Based on FTIR tests, fish gills and meat contain bonds from Polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), Polyethylene (PE), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Polyamide (Nylon) polymers. Furthermore, based on histological tests, it is known that the intercellular muscle cells of the fish meat become loose, which is caused by microplastics entering the fish's body through the digestive organs, which can cause oxidative stress and inflammation, which damages the structure of muscle cells.