Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Penyembuhan Luka dari Suspensi Oral dan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Jeruk Kasturi (Citrus microcarpa)

Abstract

Calamansi Orange Peel (Citrus microcarpa) is one of the plants that grows in Indonesia. Calamansi orange peel is known to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and glycosides. Traditionally, kasturi orange peel is used to maintain body immunity, antihypertension, scabies and respiratory disorders. The purpose of this study was to produce antibacterial activity of Calamansi Orange Peel Ethanol Extract (EEKJ) and wound healing activity of EEKJ suspension; EEKJ cream and a combination of suspension with EEKJ cream. Antibacterial activity with EEKJ was carried out against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa bacteria. Furthermore, EEKJ was formulated in a cream preparation with an EEKJ concentration of 10, 20 and 40% then an evaluation and stability of the preparation were carried out. Excision wounds were made with a diameter of 2 cm. Animals that had been injured were then treated for 16 days with EEKJ suspension (doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/kgBW); cream (EEKJ cream 10, 20 and 40%) and combination (oral and topical) observed on days 1,4,7,11,14 and 16 with observation parameters of wound diameter, wound healing percentage and skin tissue histopathology (collagen fibers, angiogenesis and fibroblasts). EEKJ is rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and glycosides which are known to have antibacterial and wound healing activities. So that the antibacterial activity of EEKJ against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa bacteria shows optimal antibacterial activity at concentrations of 10, 20 and 40%, so that the third concentration is then made into a cream preparation. The cream is stable during 12 weeks of storage by showing no changes in organoleptic observations, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion and cycling test. The percentage of wound healing increased on day 16 (p<0.05) in the EEKJ 400 mg/kgBW suspension group, EEKJ 40% Cream and oral and topical combination (EEKJ 400 mg/kgBW and EEKJ 40% cream) compared to the negative control in each group with the percentage of wound healing showing that the higher the concentration, the higher the percentage of healing. Histopathology showed an increase in collagen, angiogenesis and fibroblast values as the concentration increased. This study provides scientific evidence that EEKJ has good antibacterial and wound healing activity.