Efek Nano-Kitosan Hidroksiapatit, CPP-ACP dan Silver Diamine Fluoride Terhadap Remineralisasi Email Secara Kualitatif dan Kuantitaif: Penelitian In Vitro

Abstract

Dental caries is one of the most common oral health problems globally, including in Indonesia. The initial indication of dental caries is the presence of non-cavitated lesions or white spot lesions (WSL). Demineralization is the primary cause of WSL formation. The mechanisms of demineralization and remineralization of Ca and P ions involve a series of chemical processes occurring in the enamel. When the oral pH drops below 5.5, H+ ions from dietary acids and bacteria cause enamel demineralization, leading to the release of Ca and P ions from hydroxyapatite. Conversely, remineralization involves the binding of Ca and P ions to demineralized enamel areas. This issue can be addressed by applying materials that promote enamel remineralization, such as chitosan. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of nano-chitosan hydroxyapatite, CPP-ACP, and SDF as remineralization agents using SEM-EDX analysis and to compare enamel hardness values using the Vickers hardness test. A total of 30 tooth sections obtained from the splitting of molar teeth were divided into four groups. Group I received CPP-ACP application. Group II received SDF application. Group III received nano-chitosan hydroxyapatite application. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in calcium and phosphorus content among the groups (p > 0.05). Qualitative analysis using SEM revealed differences in the enamel surface morphology after remineralization. The enamel surface hardness test results indicated a significant difference in hardness values between the CPP-ACP and SDF groups (p = 0.014). In conclusion, there are variations in the effectiveness of each material, and all three remineralization agents demonstrate potential in restoring demineralized enamel structure