Uji Reliabilitas dan Validitas Aplikasi Tele-diagnosis Temporomandibular Disorders pada Mahasiswa USU

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has created challenges for specialist dentists in conducting clinical examinations and establishing accurate diagnoses, ultimately complicating TMD management in Indonesia. Telemedicine can be utilized to assist patients in obtaining an accurate, effective, and efficient TMD diagnosis, one of which is through a smartphone application developed based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) protocol. This study aims to assess the reliability and validity of tele-diagnosis application for temporomandibular disorders in USU students. The research employed a repeated-measures design with a sources of variability approach to compare diagnostic outcomes between direct clinical diagnosis and remote diagnosis using the tele-diagnosis application for temporomandibular disorders based on the DC/TMD protocol, conducted on the first and seventh days. Sample selection was performed using a purposive sampling technique, resulting in 20 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) test, the reliability of the tele-diagnosis application for temporomandibular disorders was as follows: symptom questionnaire (ICC = 0.908), examination (ICC = 0.949), and mouth opening measurements (ICC = 0.683. The validity of the tele-diagnosis application for temporomandibular disorders was as follows: myalgia (sensitivity = 0.900; specificity = 1.000), arthralgia (sensitivity = 0.916; specificity = 1.000), headache attributed to TMD (sensitivity = 1.000; specificity = 1.000), and disc displacement with reduction (sensitivity = 0.846; specificity = 0.857). Additionally, for disc displacement with reduction with intermittent locking, both sensitivity and specificity reached the maximum value of 1.000. The conclusion of this study is that the tele-diagnosis application in diagnosing temporomandibular disorders is reliable and valid.