Pra-Rancangan Pabrik Pembuatan Asam Sulfat (H2SO4) Dari Gas H2S Menggunakan Proses WSA Dengan Katalis Vanadium Pentaoksida Kapasitas 50.000 Ton Per Tahun

Abstract

Sulfuric acid is a crucial raw material or auxiliary material in many chemical industries in Indonesia, including fertilizer production, petroleum processing, batteries, pharmaceuticals, glass, preservatives, detergents, paper, and pulp. This preliminary design of a sulfuric acid production plant utilizes hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) gas as the raw material through the Wet Sulfuric Acid (WSA) process, with a planned production capacity of 50,000 tons per year and an operational period of 330 days per year. The preliminary design consists of three process stages: thermal oxidation of H₂S to SO₂, catalytic conversion of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) to sulfur trioxide (SO₃), and hydration-condensation of SO₃ with H₂O to form H₂SO₄. The production of sulfuric acid with a capacity of 50,000 tons per year requires 2,328.82 kg/hour or 18,444.24 tons/year of hydrogen sulfide gas as the raw material. The planned business entity is a Limited Liability Company (PT) with a line-and-staff organizational structure. The plant will require 171 employees and is planned to be established in Telang Village, Bayung Lencir District, Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province, with a land area of 11,672 m². The economic evaluation indicates a capital investment (CI) of Rp 448,360,145,154, total production costs of Rp 915,949,038,701, and sales revenue of Rp 1,249,999,740,000, resulting in a net profit of Rp 454,301,938,143. The profit margin is recorded at 26.59%, ROI at 20%, and IRR at 25.89%. The project is projected to break even (BEP) at 43.69% capacity, with a payback period (POT) of 5 years. Based on the economic analysis, this preliminary plant design is considered feasible for realization.