Pengaruh Pemberian Mutagen EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate) pada Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L) Varietas IR 64 dan Inpari 32 terhadap Karakter Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop in Indonesia. As a country with a large population, Indonesia faces challenges in meeting its food needs. The yield and quality of rice can be increased through mutation techniques. This study aims to determine the effect of EMS mutagen application on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of paddy rice varieties IR 64 and Inpari 32. This research was conducted at the Gauze House, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra from November 2023 to March 2024. This study used a factorial randomised group design (RAK) with two treatment factors. The first factor of paddy rice varieties are 2 levels: IR64 and Inpari 32. The second factor was EMS concentration, which consisted of 5 levels: 0% (control), 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%. Rice plants were planted when the seedlings were 11 HSS old, two rice seedlings were planted in each planting basin. The observed variables consisted of qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The data were analysed using ANOVA and Duncan's test at α = 5%. The results showed that there were variations in the qualitative characteristics of rice plants, but the midrib color and culm habit had uniform results. The results showed that variety factor had a significant effect on seedling height, plant height, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, number of panicles, panicle length, percentage of full grain weight, percentage of empty grain weight. The interaction factor of variety and EMS had a significant effect on the plant diameter and the factor of EMS concentration had a significant effect on the root length of the rice seedlings.