Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri, Antiinflamasi, dan Antioksidan Transfersom Mengandung Esktrak Etanol Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.))

Abstract

Background: Curcumin is an ingredient of turmeric that has various benefits. Ethanol extract of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma domestica Val.) (EECD) has pharmacological activity as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Curcumin is a water-soluble compound that reduces penetration into the skin. Transfersome formulation is done to maximize the bioactivity of curcumin. Objective: To test transfersomes containing ethanol extract of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma domestica Val.) (TFCD) that meet the characterization as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. Methods: TFCD formulation was performed by thin layer hydration method with concentrations of 2500 µg/mL (TFCD 1) and 5000 µg/mL (TFCD 2) and characterized including particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and sorption efficiency then tested for bioactivity as antibacterial by microdilution method, anti-inflammatory by protein denaturation method, and antioxidant by DPPH and ABTS methods. Results: TFCD was characterized as a drug delivery system with particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and sorption efficiency of 422.4 nm, 0.4017, -42.4 mV, and 98.68% for TFCD 1 and 134.4 nm, 0.3753, -39.7 mV, and 99.26% for TFCD 2, respectively. Antibacterial activity with KHM/KBM values on EECD, TFCD 1, and TFCD 2 were 31.25/250 µg/mL, 4.88/19.53 µg/mL, and 9.76/39.06 on Staphylococcus aureus and 250/250 µg/mL, 4.88/4.88 µg/mL, and 9.76/19.53 µg/mL on Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity with percent inhibition values at EECD 2500 µg/mL, 5000 µg/mL, TFCD 1, and TFCD 2 were 41.37%, 46.33%, 92.80%, and 95.11%, respectively. Antioxidant activity with IC50 values of EECD, TFCD 1, and TFCD 2 were 21.71 µg/mL, 8.05 µg/mL, and 5.79 µg/mL in DPPH method and 35.22 µg/mL, 18.91 µg/mL, and 18.40 µg/mL in ABTS method, respectively. Conclusion: TFCD was well characterized and had better bioactivity as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant than EECD.