Dinamika Sosial dalam Transisi Pertanian: Studi Kasus Adaptasi Petani dari Tanaman Tahunan menjadi Tanaman Palawija di Food Estate Desa Siria-Ria, Kecamatan Pollung, Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan

Abstract

This study examines the social dynamics of agricultural transition from perennial crops to food crops in Siria-Ria Village, Pollung District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency. The government-initiated Food estate program has significantly altered local farming practices, prompting farmers who previously relied on perennial crops such as coffee and andaliman to shift towards food crops like potatoes and shallots. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, collecting data through in-depth interviews and observations of ten key informants directly involved in the transition process. The findings indicate that this shift in farming practices has diverse economic impacts. While increased production and expanded market opportunities offer potential benefits, farmers also face challenges such as rising production costs, dependency on external agricultural inputs, and commodity price fluctuations. From a social perspective, the transition has led to changes in work patterns and social interactions among farmers, requiring adaptations in collective labor systems and market strategies. Additionally, government support in the form of subsidies, agricultural training, and infrastructure development plays a crucial role in facilitating this transition. This study provides insights into the complexities of farmers' adaptation to evolving agricultural policies and their implications for the social and economic aspects of rural communities. The findings serve as a reference for policymakers in designing more effective and sustainable agricultural programs to enhance farmers' welfare in rural areas.